Solar Power in Texas, Solar Ponds
Tuesday, October 12th, 2010
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A solar pond is large-scale solar thermal energy collector with integral heat storage for supplying thermal energy. A solar pond can be used for various applications, such as process heating, water desalination, refrigeration, drying and Solar power generation.
A solar pond is simply a pool of water which collects and stores solar energy. It contains layers of salt solutions with increasing concentration (and therefore density) to a certain depth, below which the solution has a uniform high salt concentration. This is a picture of a solar energy pond at El Paso Texas.
When solar radiation (sunlight) is absorbed, the density gradient prevents heat in the lower layers from moving upwards by convection and leaving the pond. This means that the temperature at the bottom of the pond will rise to over 90 °C while the temperature at the top of the pond is usually around 30 °C. The heat trapped in the salty bottom layer can be used for many different purposes, such as the heating of buildings or industrial hot water or to drive a turbine for generating electricity.
The largest operating solar pond for electricity generation was the Bet Ha Areva pond built in Israel (now the Palestinian West Bank) and operated up until 1988. It had an area of 210,000 m and gave an electrical output of 5 MW.
Today in Israel they have a 150-KW Solar Pond. Collectors and Storage tanks are not used in this system. The pond is filled with a dense saline solution. The density of the saline solution on the bottom of the pond resists the convection process which would cause mixing. The result is a very hot layer of water on the bottom which is pumped through a heat exchanger. This was developed by Ormat Turbines.
The small power-generating station located at the southern end of the Dead Sea. These inexpensive, naturally occurring phenomena are the secret to a safe and reliable energy production. An Israeli manufacturer of Rankine cycle turbines called Ormat Turbines, have developed a great system which uses heat which gathers and stores in a pool of salt water. The system generates up to 150 kilowatts of electrical power. The man made pond measuring 75,347 square feet and about 8 feet deep.
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